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Translating dynamic defense patterns from rodents to people.

D Caroline Blanchard¹

¹Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|April 25, 2017

Summary

Human defensive behaviors, like freezing and flight, are influenced by threat type and context. These responses, including anxiety and fear, are consistent across studies and can be linked to risk assessment and rumination.

Keywords:

Animal to human translation Anxiety Defensive attack Defensive behavior Facial expression Fear Flight Freezing Risk assessment Rumination Threat ambiguity Threat scenario

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A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Behavioral Science

Background:

Rodent defensive behaviors are influenced by threat stimuli and context.
Previous research suggests similar patterns in humans, but further investigation is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between threat characteristics and human defensive behaviors.
To explore the role of risk assessment and rumination in anxiety and fear responses.

Main Methods:

Utilized threat scenarios and computer games to measure fear (flight) and anxiety (alternation between threats).
Employed stabilometric studies to assess freezing and flight responses to varying threat escapability.
Analyzed facial expression identification and attentional biases towards threat stimuli.

Main Results:

Defensive behaviors (freezing, flight) are modulated by threat escapability and ambiguity.
Anxiety is linked to threat ambiguity and biased attention towards threats.
Rumination, associated with failed risk assessment, is a key component of anxiety and depression, especially in women.

Conclusions:

Human defensive behaviors are complex and context-dependent, mirroring patterns seen in rodents.
Anxiety and fear responses are significantly influenced by threat perception, risk assessment, and cognitive processes like rumination.
A 'Fear of Harm' phenotype may link aggression, fear, and pathological defensive behaviors.