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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Ex vivo Culture of Drosophila Pupal Testis and Single Male Germ-line Cysts: Dissection, Imaging, and Pharmacological Treatment

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Published on: September 11, 2014

The Nonpalpable Testis: A Narrative Review.

Courtney L Shepard¹, Kate H Kraft¹

¹Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The Journal of Urology

|April 25, 2017

Summary

The nonpalpable testis presents a challenge in pediatric urology. Current evidence suggests physical examination is sufficient for evaluation, though optimal surgical management remains debated.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Urology
Andrology

Background:

The nonpalpable testis is a rare but challenging clinical entity in pediatric urology.
Existing literature presents controversy regarding optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated review on the etiology, preoperative evaluation, and surgical management of the nonpalpable testis.
To discuss novel techniques and ongoing controversies in the field.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed® and MEDLINE® from January 2000 to January 2017.
A narrative review format was employed to synthesize findings from 115 selected articles.

Main Results:

Physical examination is recommended for evaluating the nonpalpable testis; routine imaging is not indicated.

Keywords:

cryptorchidism laparoscopy orchiopexy testis

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Optimal surgical approaches and techniques are debated, with several novel methods described.

The rarity of the condition limits high-quality comparative studies, contributing to management controversies.

Conclusions:

Evaluation and management of the nonpalpable testis remain challenging and debated.
Future research should prioritize multi-institutional collaborative trials to establish optimal surgical management.