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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
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Pain perception description after advanced surface ablation.

Eva M Sobas1,2, Sebastián Videla3,4, Amanda Vázquez1

  • 1Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|April 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular pain after advanced surface ablation (ASA) peaks at 24 hours, then decreases. Understanding this pain pattern can improve patient outcomes and postoperative pain management strategies.

Keywords:
advanced surface ablationmodel acute surgical painocular pain

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Advanced Surface Ablation (ASA) is a common refractive surgery.
  • Postoperative ocular pain is a significant concern for patients undergoing ASA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the temporal evolution of ocular pain following ASA.
  • To inform improved postoperative pain management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter, prospective, descriptive cohort study.
  • Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale for pain intensity.
  • Evaluation of comorbidities and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scores.

Main Results:

  • Maximum pain (61±31 mm VAS) occurred at 24 hours post-ASA.
  • Pain decreased significantly by 72 hours (19±20 mm VAS).
  • Photophobia and burning sensations were common comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative ocular pain after ASA follows a predictable pattern.
  • Recognizing this pattern is key to enhancing patient acceptance and optimizing pain management.