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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer Survival Analysis

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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Age-specific acceleration in malignant melanoma.

Brian L Diffey1, Steven A Frank2

  • 1Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

F1000Research
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanoma incidence is rising, but its acceleration with age is declining. This pattern, observed across countries and sexes, suggests a potential decrease in protective mechanisms against skin cancer.

Keywords:
age-period-cohort effectsage-specific incidencemelanoma epidemiologysun exposure

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Global melanoma incidence has shown a consistent upward trend.
  • Changes in melanoma incidence across different age groups require detailed examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze temporal changes in melanoma incidence across various age demographics.
  • To explore potential tumor biology factors explaining observed incidence patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized incidence data from three countries, spanning birth cohorts from 1895-99 to 1975-79.
  • Analyzed temporal trends in overall melanoma incidence and the acceleration of incidence with age (slope of incidence vs. age).
  • Examined patterns separately for males and females.

Main Results:

  • A general increase in overall melanoma incidence was observed over time.
  • A concurrent decline in the acceleration of melanoma incidence with age was noted.
  • Significant differences in incidence and acceleration patterns were identified between sexes and countries.

Conclusions:

  • The observed pattern of rising incidence and declining acceleration in melanoma mirrors trends seen in other cancers linked to diminished protective mechanisms.
  • This suggests that protective mechanisms against melanoma may be less effective currently compared to historical periods.
  • Increased environmental challenges could be a contributing factor to the reduced efficacy of protective mechanisms.