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How winning changes motivation in multiphase competitions.

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Summary
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In multiphase competitions, being ahead boosts motivation early by making winning seem attainable. Later, it decreases motivation by reducing perceived effort needed to win.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Sports Psychology

Background:

  • Motivation in competitions is complex and can change over time.
  • Understanding the dynamic nature of motivation is crucial for performance.
  • Previous research often overlooks the phase-dependent effects of temporary standing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how temporary standing (being ahead or behind) influences motivation in multiphase competitions.
  • To examine the role of competition phase in moderating the effect of temporary standing on motivation.
  • To explore the underlying psychological mechanisms driving these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted six experiments in both laboratory and field settings.
  • Manipulated temporary standing (leading vs. trailing) at different phases of multiphase competitions.
  • Measured participants' motivation and perceived effort.

Main Results:

  • In the early phase, being ahead increased motivation by enhancing perceived attainability of winning.
  • In the later phase, being ahead decreased motivation by reducing the perceived effort required to win.
  • The impact of temporary standing on motivation is contingent on the competition phase.

Conclusions:

  • Temporary standing has divergent effects on motivation in multiphase competitions.
  • Contestants' primary concern shifts from attainability to effort investment as the competition progresses.
  • This research advances the understanding of dynamic, interdependent self-regulation in competitive contexts.