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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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Elasticity is the ability of an object to withstand the effects of distortion and to return to its original size and shape once the forces causing deformation are removed. When an elastic material deforms under the action of an external force, it experiences internal resistance to the deformation. However, if no external force is applied, it returns to its original state.
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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Coupled elasticity in soft solid foams.

F Gorlier1, Y Khidas2, O Pitois1

  • 1Université Paris Est, Laboratoire Navier, UMR 8205 CNRS - École des Ponts ParisTech - IFSTTAR, cité Descartes, 2 allée Kepler, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The elasticity of soft materials, like foams, depends on air bubbles. This study reveals that foam elasticity is governed by gas volume fraction and an elasto-capillary number, offering insights into aerated materials.

Keywords:
BubbleCapillarityElasticityEmulsionsFoamsSoft solid

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • The elasticity of soft materials is significantly affected by incorporated air bubbles.
  • Existing research covers bubbly systems with moderate gas fractions, but high-fraction foamy systems require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the elasticity of concentrated emulsions and foams across the full range of gas volume fractions.
  • To understand the influence of bubble size and interstitial matrix properties on foam elasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of well-controlled foams from concentrated emulsions.
  • Measurement of shear elastic modulus as a function of gas fraction, bubble size, and emulsion modulus.

Main Results:

  • Foam elasticity is influenced by both the bubble assembly and the continuous emulsion phase.
  • The shear elastic modulus of foams is primarily determined by gas volume fraction and the elasto-capillary number.
  • A unified view of bubble effects in soft elastic media, from bubbly systems to foams, is provided.

Conclusions:

  • The elasto-capillary number, combining emulsion modulus and capillary pressure, is a key parameter for foam elasticity.
  • Results aid in estimating the shear modulus of aqueous foams and emulsions, including those with complex bubble size distributions.