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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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A Sagnac Fourier spectrometer.

Matthias Lenzner, Jean-Claude Diels

    Optics Express
    |April 26, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel spectrometer uses a Sagnac interferometer with a transmission grating to record Fizeau fringe patterns. The Fourier transform of these patterns reveals the spectrum, enabling high-resolution spectral analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Traditional spectrometers face limitations in resolution and complexity.
    • Interferometric techniques offer alternative approaches to spectral analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new spectrometer design based on a Sagnac interferometer and a transmission grating.
    • To demonstrate a method for high-resolution spectral discrimination using Fourier transforms of interferograms.

    Main Methods:

    • A Sagnac interferometer was modified by replacing a mirror with a transmission grating.
    • Fizeau fringe patterns were recorded using a camera at the interferometer's output.
    • Fourier transform analysis was applied to the recorded interferograms to extract spectral information.

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    Main Results:

    • Each spectral element generated a unique spatial frequency in the interferogram.
    • The system achieved spectral discrimination from low spatial frequencies by heterodyning.
    • The design allows for both fixed and rotatable grating configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed Sagnac interferometer-based spectrometer offers a novel approach to spectral analysis.
    • The design facilitates high spectral resolution and potential for calibration without a light source.
    • This technology has implications for various spectroscopic applications.