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Auditory, Visual and Audiovisual Speech Processing Streams in Superior Temporal Sulcus.

Jonathan H Venezia1, Kenneth I Vaden2, Feng Rong3

  • 1VA Loma Linda Healthcare SystemLoma Linda, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|April 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The superior temporal sulcus (STS) processes speech information. Different STS regions respond to auditory, visual, or combined speech, with the middle STS (mSTS) integrating multisensory speech signals.

Keywords:
audiovisual speechfMRIfunctional gradientsuperior temporal sulcusvisual motion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • The human superior temporal sulcus (STS) is crucial for processing both auditory and visual speech cues.
  • Understanding the STS's functional organization for modality-specific and multimodal speech is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional organization of the STS regarding modality-specific and multimodal speech representations.
  • To map auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech processing within the STS.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in 20 young adults.
  • Participants performed an oddball detection task with auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech and nonspeech stimuli.
  • Analyses included whole-brain, linear mixed effects, and principal component analyses.

Main Results:

  • Auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech stimuli activated anterior, posterior, and middle STS (mSTS) respectively, indicating an anterior-posterior gradient.
  • The mSTS showed preferential responses to multisensory stimulation and speech over nonspeech.
  • A posterior STS subregion distinguished visual speech from nonspeech, independent of low-level motion.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory and visual speech are processed along distinct anterior and posterior streams within the STS.
  • The mSTS integrates speech information across modalities, processing more abstract speech features.
  • The STS's spatial organization supports the synthesis of perceptual speech from converging visual and auditory sensory signals.