Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

928
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
928
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

797
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
797
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

1.1K
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
1.1K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.5K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.5K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.5K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.5K
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.2K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating behavioral inertia in passively sensed smartphone parameters to differentiate affective episodes in patients with bipolar disorder.

Neuroscience applied·2026
Same author

Trajectory of response to esketamine nasal spray for treatment resistant depression: findings from ESCAPE-TRD.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Shared decision-making in depression: From a generalized ethical imperative to a personalized approach? A narrative review.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Family History and Solar Insolation in Bipolar I Disorder.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Consensus on Subdomains and Measures of Relevance to Affective and Social Cognition Research on Bipolar Disorder (CAS-BD); Outcomes and Recommendations From an International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Taskforce Study.

Bipolar disorders·2026
Same author

The role of plasma inflammatory markers in late-life depression and conversion to dementia: a 3-year follow-up study.

Molecular psychiatry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

15.9K

Instability of default mode network connectivity in major depression: a two-sample confirmation study.

T Wise1,2, L Marwood1,2, A M Perkins1,2

  • 1Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Translational Psychiatry
|April 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Major depression is linked to unstable brain connectivity in the default mode network (DMN). This study found reduced functional connectivity stability between key DMN regions in patients with major depression.

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.6K
A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
05:28

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: May 15, 2019

23.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

15.9K
Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.6K
A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
05:28

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: May 15, 2019

23.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Major depression exhibits altered static functional connectivity, particularly in the default mode network (DMN).
  • Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) offers a novel approach to study temporal fluctuations in brain networks, with limited application in affective disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of functional connectivity within the DMN in individuals with major depression.
  • To compare dFC stability between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in medication-free major depression patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess functional connectivity stability between mPFC and PCC.
  • Two independent samples, including a primary and a validation sample using multi-echo fMRI, were utilized to ensure replicability.

Main Results:

  • Greater functional connectivity variability between the mPFC and PCC was observed in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls.
  • These findings were consistently demonstrated across both independent samples, confirming reliability and robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in the DMN in major depression involve reduced connectivity stability, not just changes in connectivity strength.
  • These results highlight the importance of dynamic connectivity measures in understanding the neural underpinnings of major depression.