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Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in the clinically normal dog.

G C Lantz1, S L Ihle, R W Nelson

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

American Journal of Veterinary Research
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
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Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs caused temporary diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia. Pituitary function tests confirmed hypothyroidism and hyposomatotropism post-surgery, with some dogs experiencing circulatory collapse.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Science

Background:

  • Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the pituitary gland.
  • Assessing pituitary function and clinical outcomes is crucial for understanding the effects of this surgery in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pituitary function and short-term clinical effects following transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in clinically normal dogs.
  • To evaluate the impact of fluid therapy and glucocorticoid supplementation on post-surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted involving dogs undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.
  • Pituitary function was assessed via various stimulation tests (ACTH, TRH, GH) and hormone level measurements.
  • Clinical effects, including diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia, were monitored, alongside gross and histologic evaluations.

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Main Results:

  • Four dogs in Study I died due to circulatory collapse within 27 hours.
  • Surviving dogs experienced immediate but transient diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia.
  • Post-surgery tests indicated hypothyroidism and hyposomatotropism, while ACTH production remained evident.

Conclusions:

  • Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs can lead to significant endocrine dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyposomatotropism.
  • While fluid therapy and glucocorticoid supplementation may improve survival, careful monitoring for complications like circulatory collapse is essential.
  • The study highlights the critical role of the pituitary gland and the challenges associated with its surgical removal in canine models.