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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
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Subtle pathological changes in neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy.

Juan G Ochoa1, Diana Hentgarden1, Audrey Paulzak2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of South Alabama, United States.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|April 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtle focal cortical dysplasia in the parahippocampal gyrus was found in all MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy patients, despite initial negative pathology. This finding is crucial for understanding and treating this epilepsy subtype.

Keywords:
Epilepsy surgeryFCDHFONeocortical temporal lobe epilepsyParahippocampusTLE

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common epilepsy syndrome.
  • Hippocampal sclerosis is the most frequent pathology in TLE.
  • Non-lesional TLE, normal on MRI, presents diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and surgical pathology in TLE without hippocampal sclerosis.
  • To identify potential underlying pathologies in MRI-negative TLE.
  • To evaluate treatment outcomes in this specific patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of consecutive TLE patients with normal MRI undergoing temporal lobe resection.
  • Review of clinical features, imaging, and functional data.
  • Intracranial monitoring, language mapping, intraoperative electrocorticography, and detailed histopathological analysis of resected tissue.

Main Results:

  • Five patients with non-lesional TLE were included; no distinctive clinical features were identified.
  • Histopathology was initially negative for mesial temporal sclerosis.
  • A second neuropathologist identified ILAE type I focal cortical dysplasia in the parahippocampal gyrus in all patients.
  • Eighty percent of patients achieved Engel Class I outcome post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle focal cortical dysplasia in the parahippocampal gyrus may underlie MRI-negative TLE.
  • Further investigation of subtle pathological changes is warranted in MRI-negative TLE.
  • Interobserver reliability in diagnosing mild cortical dysplasia is low.
  • Standard resections may not control intractable epilepsy in this population.