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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Simulation Study of the Localization of a Near-Surface Crack Using an Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Sensor Array.

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Summary

This study numerically investigates locating incipient material damage using nonlinear ultrasonic emissions detected by a sensor array. The findings pave the way for developing advanced nonlinear ultrasonic cameras for defect detection.

Keywords:
Direction Of Arrival (DOA)Nonlinear Air-Coupled Emission (NACE)crack localizationnon-destructive testingultrasonic sensor array

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Industry demands rapid, non-contact methods for early defect detection and localization.
  • Existing acoustic camera systems, while effective for low-frequency NDT, have limitations in frequency range and nonlinear post-processing for incipient damage localization.
  • Acoustic cameras use microphone arrays to visualize noise sources by estimating the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of sound waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the capability of locating incipient damage by measuring nonlinear airborne emissions from defects.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a non-contact ultrasonic sensor array in detecting these nonlinear responses.
  • To determine the defect's location using Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical investigation of a sample with a single near-surface crack.
  • Efficient excitation of the defect sample to generate nonlinear airborne emissions.
  • Detection of nonlinear defect responses using a uniform linear ultrasonic sensor array.
  • Application of three different DOA algorithms for defect localization.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear airborne emissions from a defect can be detected by a uniform linear sensor array after efficient sample excitation.
  • The DOA algorithms successfully determined the location of the defect based on the detected nonlinear responses.
  • This study demonstrates the feasibility of using nonlinear ultrasonic emissions for defect localization.

Conclusions:

  • The numerical results represent a significant first step towards developing a nonlinear ultrasonic camera system.
  • The proposed system integrates an ultrasonic sensor array with nonlinear post-processing and source localization software.
  • This approach holds promise for advanced, non-contact NDT applications requiring early-stage defect detection and localization.