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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 5.

Abbas El Sahili1, Julien Lescar2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Institute for Structural Biology, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. julien@ntu.edu.sg.

Viruses
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Dengue affects 390 million people yearly. This review highlights the dengue virus NS5 protein, crucial for viral RNA replication and capping, as a promising target for new antiviral drugs.

Keywords:
NS5 polymerasedengue virusflavivirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Dengue virus causes an estimated 390 million infections annually, endemic in over 100 countries.
  • Global warming trends suggest continued spread of this mosquito-borne viral disease.
  • No specific antiviral drugs exist for dengue, though a vaccine is now available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the structure and function of the dengue virus NS5 protein.
  • To highlight NS5 as a potential drug target for antiviral therapies.

Main Methods:

  • The review synthesizes current research on dengue virus replication mechanisms.
  • Focuses on the role of non-structural (NS) proteins, particularly NS5.
  • Examines the NS5 protein's function in viral RNA replication and capping.

Main Results:

  • Dengue virus RNA is processed into structural and non-structural proteins, including NS5.
  • NS5 is essential for viral RNA replication and capping within the host cell.
  • NS proteins contribute to immune evasion and cellular restructuring.

Conclusions:

  • The NS5 protein is a critical component of the dengue virus replication complex.
  • Understanding NS5's structure and function is key to developing novel antiviral treatments.
  • NS5 represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention against dengue and related flaviviruses.