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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
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[Olfactory bulb volume in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction].

H Liu1, W Hang2, G Liu2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction exhibit reduced olfactory bulb (OB) volume. This decreased OB volume correlates with impaired olfactory function, suggesting MRI can aid diagnosis.

Keywords:
Megnetic resonance imagingOlfaction disordersOlfactory bulbPosttraumatic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is a common consequence of head injuries.
  • Assessing olfactory function and its underlying neural correlates is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory function in individuals with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.
  • To determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a diagnostic tool for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 40 patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction against 40 controls.
  • Utilized T&T olfactory testing for olfactory function assessment.
  • Measured olfactory bulb volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • Patients showed significantly higher olfactory dysfunction scores compared to controls.
  • Olfactory bulb volumes were markedly reduced in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction versus controls.
  • A negative correlation was observed between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced olfactory bulb volume is a characteristic finding in posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.
  • Olfactory bulb volume is significantly correlated with olfactory function.
  • MRI serves as a valuable supplementary diagnostic tool for posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.