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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.8K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Blocking a signal to host cell histones.

Alexandra A Mushegian1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Plant pathogens can evade detection by disabling the host

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plant immune responses are crucial for defense against pathogens.
  • Pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome host defenses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how a specific plant pathogen suppresses the host immune response.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in immune suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of histone acetylation patterns in host plants upon pathogen infection.
  • Gene expression analysis to identify immune-related genes affected by the pathogen.

Main Results:

  • The plant pathogen was found to inhibit histone acetylation in the host plant.

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Chromatin Extraction from Frozen Chimeric Liver Tissue for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Analysis
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Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

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Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli
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  • Suppression of histone acetylation led to the downregulation of key immune genes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Preventing histone acetylation is a novel strategy employed by this plant pathogen to evade host immunity.
    • Targeting histone acetylation pathways could offer new strategies for disease resistance in plants.