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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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Periodic Breathing during Incremental Exercise.

Piergiuseppe Agostoni1,2, Ugo Corrà3, Michele Emdin4,5

  • 11 Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodic breathing during exercise signals unstable respiratory control, often seen in heart failure. This breathing pattern indicates a worse prognosis and may be treatable with further research.

Keywords:
cardiopulmonary exercise testingheart failureperiodic breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiorespiratory Physiology
  • Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology

Background:

  • Periodic breathing (PB) is characterized by waxing and waning tidal volume due to oscillating respiratory drive.
  • It signifies instability in the respiratory control system, observable at rest or during exercise.
  • Exertional PB mechanisms include increased circulatory delay, heightened chemoreceptor sensitivity (controller gain), and impaired baroreflex (reduced system damping).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms and clinical significance of periodic breathing during exercise, particularly in heart failure patients.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract does not specify methods but discusses mechanisms and observations during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Main Results:

  • Exertional periodic breathing is prevalent in cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure with systolic dysfunction.
  • Its presence is linked to poorer prognosis in heart failure, irrespective of definition criteria.
  • Interventions have shown potential to abolish exertional PB in small heart failure cohorts, but require confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Exertional periodic breathing is a significant indicator of poor prognosis in heart failure.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of visceral feedback and develop targeted interventions for preventing or treating exertional PB in heart failure.