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Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.

Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Mitochondrial Recombination and Introgression during Speciation by Hybridization.

Jean-Baptiste Leducq^1,2, Mathieu Henault¹, Guillaume Charron¹

¹Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|April 27, 2017

Summary

Mitochondrial genome recombination in budding yeast contributes to hybrid speciation by increasing genetic diversity. This process enhances phenotypic variation, playing a key role in the evolution of new species.

Keywords:

Saccharomyces mitochondrial recombination speciation by hybridization

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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genetics
Microbiology

Background:

Genome recombination drives diversity and speciation after hybridization.
Organelle inheritance is typically uniparental, limiting recombination.
Budding yeasts exhibit biparental mitochondrial inheritance, enabling hybrid mitochondrial recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate mitochondrial genome transmission and evolution during yeast speciation by hybridization.
Determine the role of mitochondrial recombination in hybrid vigor and phenotypic differentiation.

Main Methods:

Population-scale mitochondrial genome sequencing of Saccharomyces paradoxus incipient species (SpB, SpC) and their hybrid (SpC*).
Experimental crosses to recreate early speciation events.
Analysis of phenotypic variation in artificial hybrids.

Main Results:

Both parental yeast species contributed alleles to the hybrid mitochondrial genome via recombination.
Mitochondrial recombination is frequent in experimental crosses of budding yeast.
Mitochondrial genome recombination increased phenotypic variation among diploid hybrids.

Conclusions:

Mitochondrial genome recombination contributes to hybrid speciation in budding yeast.
This process enhances phenotypic diversity, aiding in hybrid species differentiation.
Mitochondrial genomes, like nuclear genomes, can play a significant role in hybrid speciation.