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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations
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A new, high-resolution global mass coral bleaching database.

Simon D Donner1, Gregory J M Rickbeil2, Scott F Heron3,4,5

  • 1Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

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Global coral bleaching events have significantly increased, with eight times more reef area affected in recent years. This new database maps bleaching probability, revealing rising thermal stress on coral reefs worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Mass coral bleaching events are increasing globally, threatening coral reef ecosystems.
  • Existing coral bleaching databases have limitations including voluntary contributions and geographical bias.
  • Accurate, global-scale data is needed to understand the full extent of coral bleaching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first gridded, global-scale historical coral bleaching database.
  • To map the probability of coral bleaching events from 1985 to 2010.
  • To provide a resource for assessing changes in bleaching frequency and thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted targeted literature searches and contacted scientists for under-reported bleaching data, increasing reports by 79%.
  • Utilized spatial interpolation techniques to create annual global maps at 0.04° resolution.
  • Mapped the probability of coral bleaching occurrence between 1985 and 2010.

Main Results:

  • The area of coral reefs with a high probability of bleaching was eight times larger in the latter half of the study period (post-1997/1998 El Niño).
  • Annual maximum Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), a measure of thermal stress, increased over time for reefs with high bleaching probability.
  • The enhanced database includes 7429 observed bleaching reports, a 79% increase over previous records.

Conclusions:

  • The developed database provides a comprehensive global view of historical coral bleaching.
  • Findings highlight a significant increase in the geographic extent and frequency of mass coral bleaching events.
  • This resource will aid in validating predictive models and understanding coral reef adaptation to rising ocean temperatures.