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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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Psychology explores human behavior and mental processes through various lenses, each offering unique insights. This overview examines key subfields, including biopsychology, evolutionary, developmental, personality, and social psychology, highlighting their approaches and contributions to understanding complex human behaviors.
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Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Related Experiment Video

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Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Manifesto: towards a clinically-oriented psychometrics.

Andrew J Vickers1, Ling Y Chen2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA. vickersa@mskcc.org.

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
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Summary

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offer benefits but require clinically relevant psychometric instruments. New guidelines emphasize minimizing patient burden, using clear language, and ensuring relevance for individual patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Informatics
  • Health Outcomes Research
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) integration into clinical practice is now feasible.
  • Long-term ePRO data collection at Memorial Sloan Kettering confirms benefits but reveals challenges.
  • Existing research-oriented instruments may not be suitable for routine clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for clinically relevant psychometric principles for patient-reported outcome questionnaires.
  • To guide the design, testing, and evaluation of PRO instruments for routine clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experience with electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) in a clinical setting.
  • Analysis of the suitability of research-developed instruments for routine clinical application.
  • Formulation of principles for clinically relevant psychometrics.

Main Results:

  • Four key principles for clinically relevant psychometrics were identified: minimize patient burden, use simplified language, avoid inappropriate questions, and ensure individual applicability.
  • Research-developed instruments often have too many items, use complex language, or are not validated for individual patient use.

Conclusions:

  • A clinically-oriented psychometric approach is essential for effective PRO implementation in routine practice.
  • Developing statistical methods to optimize questionnaires for clinical use is a critical future challenge.
  • Optimized PRO instruments are necessary to realize the full potential of patient-reported outcomes in widespread clinical application.