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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Olaratumab for advanced soft tissue sarcoma.

Alexander Tobias1, Michael P O'brien2, Mark Agulnik3

  • 1a Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago , IL , USA.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|April 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olaratumab combined with doxorubicin offers a new first-line treatment for advanced soft tissue sarcoma. This combination significantly improved progression-free and overall survival without increasing toxicity, providing a vital new option for patients.

Keywords:
DoxorubicinOlaratumabPDGFRα antagonistsoft tissue sarcomatyrosine kinase inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Olaratumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα).
  • It inhibits PDGFRα tyrosine kinase activity, disrupting soft tissue sarcoma growth pathways.
  • Olaratumab received FDA approval in October 2016 for advanced soft tissue sarcoma treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical studies supporting olaratumab's FDA approval.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of olaratumab as a front-line sarcoma therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search primarily using PubMed.
  • Analysis of an open-label phase Ib and a randomized phase II trial.

Main Results:

  • The addition of olaratumab to doxorubicin prolonged progression-free survival by 2.5 months.
  • Overall survival was extended by 11.8 months compared to doxorubicin alone.
  • No significant increase in toxicities was observed with the combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Olaratumab plus doxorubicin represents a novel front-line therapeutic strategy for soft tissue sarcoma.
  • The combination demonstrates a clinically meaningful survival benefit without added toxicity.
  • A confirmatory phase III trial (NCT02451943) is ongoing.