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Resource partitioning in tolerant and intolerant macaques.

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Summary

Dominance and social tolerance influence food access in macaques. Tolerant Tonkean macaques shared resources more equally than intolerant rhesus macaques, showing social style impacts resource partitioning.

Keywords:
competitiondominanceprimatessocial styletolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Ethology

Background:

  • Clumped food resources can be monopolized by dominant individuals.
  • Social structure and dominance hierarchies influence resource access in animal societies.
  • Resource partitioning strategies vary across different primate social systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between dominance asymmetry and resource partitioning in non-human primates.
  • To compare food access and distribution in two macaque species with contrasting social styles: rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana).

Main Methods:

  • Semi-free ranging groups of rhesus and Tonkean macaques were observed.
  • Animals were provided with clumped fruit resources during controlled feeding trials.
  • Dominance interactions, feeding access, and agonistic behaviors were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Rhesus macaques exhibited strong dominance effects, with high-ranking individuals monopolizing resources, especially under high clumping. Lower-ranking individuals faced restricted access and increased conflict.
  • Tonkean macaques displayed weaker dominance effects, with evidence of co-feeding between individuals of different ranks.
  • Resource distribution was more equitable in tolerant Tonkean macaques compared to intolerant rhesus macaques, even under the most clumped conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Dominance gradients and social tolerance are key factors shaping resource partitioning in primate groups.
  • The social style of a species significantly influences how food resources are distributed among its members.
  • Findings suggest dominance and social tolerance are interconnected aspects of primate social organization.