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Corticosteroid modulation and testosterone changes during alcohol intoxication affects voluntary alcohol drinking.

C J P Eriksson1, T J Etelälahti2, S J Apter3

  • 1Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis influences alcohol consumption by affecting testosterone levels during intoxication. Stress-related HPA activation may increase alcohol intake, while other HPA responses might decrease it, suggesting complex interactions.

Keywords:
CorticosteroneHPA and HPG axesHigh and low alcohol drinking ratsStressTestosteroneVoluntary alcohol consumption

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Alcohol Research

Background:

  • Stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation are linked to increased alcohol consumption.
  • Recent findings suggest associations between activated HPA and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in various rat models of alcohol preference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of corticosterone and alcohol-related testosterone effects in subsequent alcohol consumption.
  • To analyze correlations between basal corticosterone, testosterone changes during alcohol intoxication, and voluntary alcohol intake in different rat strains.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of existing data from four substudies.
  • Correlational analyses examining basal corticosterone levels, testosterone level changes during alcohol intoxication, and voluntary alcohol consumption.
  • Inclusion of alcohol-preferring (AA), non-preferring (ANA), F2 crossbred, and Wistar rats.

Main Results:

  • Positive correlation found between basal corticosterone levels and alcohol-mediated testosterone elevations, associated with higher voluntary alcohol consumption.
  • Negative correlation observed between basal corticosterone levels and alcohol-mediated testosterone decreases, associated with lower alcohol consumption.
  • Alcohol-mediated testosterone changes independently correlated with voluntary alcohol drinking, indicating genetic influences.

Conclusions:

  • The HPA axis influences alcohol drinking via testosterone modulation: elevation may increase intake (AA rats), while decrease may reduce it (ANA, F2, Wistar rats).
  • Genetic factors also impact alcohol consumption through alcohol-mediated testosterone changes, independent of the HPA axis.
  • The HPA axis's role in alcohol drinking may be more tied to situational stress than intrinsic factors, warranting further human studies.