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Related Concept Videos

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
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Pathways to genetic parenthood for same-sex couples.

Timothy F Murphy

    Journal of Medical Ethics
    |April 29, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers explore creating synthetic gametes from embryonic stem cells for infertility. This method offers potential benefits for same-sex couples, though genetic contribution differs from traditional expectations.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine and Stem Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Infertility affects individuals with anatomical/physiological deficits and same-sex couples facing situational infertility.
    • Current research aims to synthesize human gametes to address conception challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a novel pathway for synthetic gamete production using embryonic stem cells.
    • To assess the implications of this approach for same-sex couples and genetic contribution.

    Main Methods:

    • The study by Segers et al. proposes a synthetic gamete pathway utilizing embryonic stem cells.
    • This method contrasts with pathways relying on somatic cells for gamete generation.

    Main Results:

    • The embryonic stem cell pathway offers potential advantages for same-sex couples.
    Keywords:
    EthicsGenethicsReproductive Medicine

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  • This approach results in a 50%-25% genetic contribution to offspring, differing from the 50%-50% standard.

    • Conclusions:

    • The ethical and moral implications of reduced genetic contribution require further consideration.
    • Despite concerns, the sociocultural importance of genetic relatedness suggests same-sex couples may warrant research priority for equitable access.