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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Xia Zhang1, Wei-Wei Chen1, Wen-Juan Huang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China.

Biomedical Reports
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy can cause peripheral neuropathy, a debilitating side effect impacting cancer patients

Keywords:
chemotherapyneuropathysensorimotor deficits

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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chemotherapy is a primary cancer treatment, but often causes peripheral neuropathy.
  • Peripheral neuropathy significantly diminishes patients' quality of life and complicates treatment plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations and impact of CIPN.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search of PubMed was conducted for controlled trials on chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.
  • Studies included pre-clinical and clinical data on adverse effects of chemotherapeutics.

Main Results:

  • Evidence confirms a rising incidence of neuropathy in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Patients exhibit increased cold pain sensitivity, sensorimotor deficits, and altered skin sensory innervation.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral neuropathy is a significant and growing concern in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
  • Understanding and managing CIPN is crucial for maintaining treatment efficacy and patient well-being.