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Blunted reward processing in remitted melancholic depression.

Anna Weinberg1, Stewart A Shankman2

  • 1McGill University.

Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Blunted reward response may indicate vulnerability to melancholic depression. This trait-like marker was observed in individuals with remitted melancholic depression compared to healthy controls and remitted non-melancholic depression.

Keywords:
depressionmelancholiareward processingvulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Blunted reward response is a potential vulnerability marker for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
  • Depression is heterogeneous, and reward impairments may be more specific to melancholic subtypes.
  • Previous research suggests trait-like markers should persist in remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural reward responses in individuals with remitted melancholic depression (rMD) versus remitted non-melancholic depression (rNMD) and healthy controls (HC).
  • To determine if blunted reward response is a specific marker for melancholic depression.
  • To explore the persistence of reward processing deficits in depression remission.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess neural responses to monetary rewards and losses.
  • Employed a simple gambling paradigm to elicit reward and punishment feedback.
  • Compared neural responses across three groups: rMD (N=29), rNMD (N=56), and HC (N=81).

Main Results:

  • The rMD group exhibited significantly blunted neural responses to rewards compared to both HC and rNMD groups.
  • No significant differences in reward response were found between the rNMD and HC groups.
  • Severity of past illness, current symptoms, and functioning did not differ between rMD and rNMD groups.

Conclusions:

  • Blunted reward response appears to be a specific neural marker associated with melancholic depression, even in remission.
  • This finding supports the role of blunted reward processing as a potential vulnerability marker for the melancholic subtype of MDD.
  • Reward system alterations may represent a stable trait differentiating melancholic depression.