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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Alternative splicing switches: Important players in cell differentiation.

Ana Fiszbein1, Alberto R Kornblihtt1

  • 1Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing (AS) expands genome capacity by producing diverse mRNAs. This study explores how AS events drive cell differentiation, focusing on mechanisms in various cell types.

Keywords:
RNA binding proteinsalternative splicingcell differentiationchromatin structureneuronal differentiationspliceosomesplicing factors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing (AS) generates protein diversity from a limited gene set.
  • AS patterns change significantly during cell differentiation, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate studies on AS events in cell fate determination.
  • To highlight AS mechanisms in various differentiation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and integration of foundational and recent studies.
  • Analysis of AS events in pluripotent cells, reprogramming, adipogenesis, myogenesis, immune cell stimulation, and neuronal differentiation.

Main Results:

  • AS plays a critical role in cell fate determination across diverse cell types.
  • Specific AS events are identified in pluripotent cells and during somatic reprogramming.
  • Alternative isoform expression is significant in adipogenesis, myogenic differentiation, and immune cell activation.
  • Novel insights into AS mechanisms during neuronal differentiation, including chromatin structure's role, are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing is a key regulator of cell differentiation.
  • Understanding AS mechanisms is crucial for deciphering cell fate determination and development.