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Reduced P300 amplitude in children and adolescents with autism is associated with slowed processing speed, executive difficulties, and social-communication problems.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice·2024
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Autism: a transdiagnostic, dimensional, construct of reasoning?

Bodil Aggernaes1,2

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Ny Østergade 12, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Autism research needs clearer definitions for autism and psychosis. Redefining autism as a reasoning disorder could improve diagnostic practices and future research directions.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentspsychosisschizophreniastressvulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • The conceptualization of autism has evolved significantly from early descriptions as a symptom of dementia praecox to its current understanding as a pervasive developmental disorder.
  • This theoretical contribution examines the historical and contemporary understanding of autism, integrating prior theories, clinical observations, and empirical data.

Observation:

  • Current diagnostic practices and research in autism face challenges related to conceptual clarity.
  • There is a need for consensus on core concepts, including autism and psychosis, to advance the field.

Findings:

  • A proposed redefinition of autism focuses on qualitative differences in an individual's behavioral rationale stemming from cognitive impairments in reasoning.
  • Psychosis can be broadly conceptualized as deviations in the experience of reality due to reasoning impairments.
  • Dementia praecox may be re-categorized as a developmental disorder of reasoning, aligning with recent evidence.

Implications:

  • Future research should prioritize establishing agreed-upon definitions for autism and psychosis.
  • Developing theoretical models that integrate social, neurobiological, and psychological processes is crucial for understanding autism.
  • Distinguishing between basic susceptibility, adaptive processes, and decompensating factors may illuminate the development of manifest illness.