Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is...

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

SITH: A quantum-chemical framework for predicting bond destabilization in stretched molecules.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

An efficient and exact reformulation of fourth-order algebraic diagrammatic construction schemes.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Molecular Mechanism of the Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes by Photoexcited Nitroarenes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

RE-ADC: The algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator using the retaining-the-excitation-degree partitioning.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Mixed-order schemes for molecular properties employing ADC/ISR.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Water-Soluble Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST) System: Photochemical Switching and Catalytic Back-Conversion of 2,5-Norbornadiene-2,3-Dicarboxylic Acid.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

Pressure-Related Challenges and Strategic Approaches in Lithium Metal Sulfide all-Solid-State Batteries.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

Dual Regulatory Functions of Classical Zinc Finger Clusters from Myeloid Zinc Finger-1.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

A Selectfluor-based Polonovski Rearrangement Leading to Novel Entities for Synthetic and Medicinal Applications.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

Relay Approach: A Convergent Synthesis of Key Fragments en route to (+)-Neosorangicin A.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

Working Under Pressure: Empirical Findings on the Challenges Facing PhD Students in Chemistry.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same journal

Charge Resonance Interaction in Aromatic Trimer Radical Cations Revealed by IR Spectroscopy: The Case of Pyrrole Homo- and Heterotrimers.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

Published on: February 16, 2020

Alkyne-Substituted N-Heterophenes.

Sebastian Hahn¹, Silke Koser¹, Manuel Hodecker²

¹Organisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 29, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Novel S-shaped N-heterophenes were synthesized and characterized. These compounds feature a central anthracene core linked to two heterophenanthrene units, offering stable and isolable structures.

Keywords:

arene condensation heterocycle organic light-emitting diode.

More Related Videos

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Published on: April 1, 2013

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis

Published on: February 16, 2020

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes

Published on: April 1, 2013

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

N-heterophenes are a class of organic compounds with potential applications in materials science.
Developing efficient synthetic routes to novel N-heterophene structures is crucial for exploring their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the synthesis and characterization of new S-shaped N-heterophenes.
To investigate the structural features of these novel compounds, including a central anthracene core and two heterophenanthrene units.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of N-heterophenes via condensation reaction.
Utilizing Boldt's 1,2,6,7-anthracenetetraone and dialkynylated ortho-diaminobenzenes as precursors.
Characterization of the synthesized compounds.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of novel S-shaped N-heterophenes.
Condensation yields ranged from 63% to 75%.
All synthesized N-heterophenes were found to be stable and isolable.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates a viable synthetic pathway to S-shaped N-heterophenes.
The novel N-heterophenes are structurally well-defined and possess favorable stability.
These findings open avenues for further research into the applications of these unique molecular architectures.