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Long, elliptically bent, active X-ray mirrors with slope errors <200 nrad.

Ioana T Nistea1, Simon G Alcock1, Paw Kristiansen2

  • 1Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|April 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Actively bent X-ray mirrors are crucial for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. This study demonstrates precise elliptical bending of long mirrors, achieving sub-200-nrad slope errors for reliable beamline performance.

Keywords:
Diamond-NOMX-ray active opticsmechanically bent mirrorsoptical metrology

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and optical engineering
  • Materials science
  • Synchrotron radiation instrumentation

Background:

  • Actively bent X-ray mirrors are essential for focusing X-ray beams in synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) beamlines.
  • Achieving high-quality optical surfaces and precise bending performance is critical for accurate X-ray beam focusing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the bending performance of two elliptically bent X-ray mirror systems.
  • To compare Diamond-NOM slope profilometry with finite-element analysis for analyzing gravitational deformation.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of a single spring-loaded compensator for mitigating mirror sag.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of two 900 mm long, elliptically bent X-ray mirror systems.
  • Utilized Diamond-NOM slope profilometry and finite-element analysis (FEA) to assess mirror deformation under gravity.
  • Employed two independent mechanical actuators for precise elliptical profile bending of trapezoidal substrates.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated accurate bending of trapezoidal substrates to various elliptical profiles using two actuators.
  • Achieved state-of-the-art residual slope errors below 200 nrad root mean square (r.m.s.) across the full bending range.
  • Observed high bending repeatability (ΔR/R = 0.085% and 0.156% r.m.s.) and stability over 24 hours (ΔR/R = 0.07% r.m.s.).

Conclusions:

  • The study validates the effectiveness of the mechanical design for actively bent X-ray mirrors.
  • FEA and NOM profilometry provide comparable insights into mirror deformation and compensation strategies.
  • The achieved performance ensures reliable and precise operation of X-ray beamlines.