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Trace Elements in Parenteral Nutrition: Considerations for the Prescribing Clinician
Jennifer Jin1, Leanne Mulesa2, Mariana Carrilero Rouillet3
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada. jennifer.jin@ualberta.ca.
Abstract:
Trace elements (TEs) are an essential component of parenteral nutrition (PN). Over the last few decades, there has been increased experience with PN, and with this knowledge more information about the management of trace elements has become available. There is increasing awareness of the effects of deficiencies and toxicities of certain trace elements. Despite this heightened awareness, much is still unknown in terms of trace element monitoring, the accuracy of different assays, and current TE contamination of solutions. The supplementation of TEs is a complex and important part of the PN prescription. Understanding the role of different disease states and the need for reduced or increased doses is essential. Given the heterogeneity of the PN patients, supplementation should be individualized.
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