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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

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Recent advances in sequence assembly: principles and applications.

Qingfeng Chen, Chaowang Lan, Liang Zhao

    Briefings in Functional Genomics
    |April 29, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Advanced DNA sequencing generates vast data, driving interest in genome assembly. This review covers mapping-based and de novo assembly methods, addressing challenges like repeats and polymorphism for efficient DNA sequence assembly.

    Keywords:
    DNA assemblyde Bruijn graphfragmentk- merrepeat

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Advanced sequencing technologies generate large volumes of DNA sequence data.
    • Genomic repeats and polymorphism present significant challenges for accurate DNA sequence assembly.
    • Emerging applications like metagenomics increase assembly complexity, especially for short-read data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review theoretical foundations of mapping-based and de novo DNA sequence assembly.
    • To highlight key issues and potential solutions in genome assembly.
    • To discuss algorithms, software, and future challenges in the field.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of theoretical principles for mapping-based and de novo assembly.
    • Analysis of processes like k-mer determination and error correction.
    • Survey of primary algorithms and software tools for DNA sequence assembly.

    Main Results:

    • Identified challenges in DNA sequence assembly due to genomic repeats and polymorphism.
    • Highlighted the importance of intelligent strategies and high-performance computation for assembly processes.
    • Provided an overview of current algorithms and software for genome assembly.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective DNA sequence assembly requires addressing complexities introduced by genomic variations.
    • Optimal k-mer selection and robust error correction are crucial for accurate assembly.
    • Continued development of algorithms and computational power is essential for tackling emerging assembly challenges.