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Concerted Divergence after Gene Duplication in Polycomb Repressive Complexes.

Yichun Qiu1,2, Shao-Lun Liu1,2, Keith L Adams3,4

  • 1Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (Y.Q., K.L.A.); and.

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Gene duplication drives evolution. In Brassicaceae, duplicated POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX2 (PRC2) genes FIS2 and MEA show concerted divergence, leading to new regulatory roles in seed development.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a key mechanism for evolutionary innovation and the development of novel traits.
  • The evolutionary trajectories of duplicated genes can vary, leading to diverse functional outcomes.
  • The POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX2 (PRC2) is a crucial epigenetic regulator involved in development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary fate of simultaneously duplicated PRC2 genes (FIS2 and MEA) in Brassicaceae.
  • To understand the functional divergence of the Brassicaceae-specific FIS-PRC2 complex.
  • To identify a novel mode of concerted gene duplication evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative gene expression analysis of FIS2, MEA, and their paralogs.
  • Analysis of cytosine and histone methylation patterns in Arabidopsis.
  • Assessment of gene sequence evolution, including amino acid substitution rates.

Main Results:

  • FIS2 and MEA exhibit correlated, reproductive-specific expression patterns, diverging from broadly expressed ancestral genes.
  • Repressive methylation marks are enriched in FIS2 and MEA in vegetative tissues, while paralogs show active marks.
  • FIS2 and MEA display accelerated amino acid substitution rates, indicating functional adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The duplicated genes FIS2 and MEA have undergone concerted divergence, leading to specialized functions within the PRC2 complex.
  • This concerted divergence represents a previously undescribed evolutionary pathway for duplicated genes.
  • The Brassicaceae-specific FIS-PRC2 complex plays a significant role in regulating female gametophyte and seed development.