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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

288
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
292
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

766
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
766
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

277
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
277
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

303
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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[Polyneuropathy in the elderly].

Wolfgang Löscher1, Bernhard Iglseder2

  • 1Arbeitsgruppe Neurophysiologie, Spezialbereich neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich.

Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie
|April 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ageing affects the peripheral nervous system, but polyneuropathies are distinct diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of underlying causes are crucial for mobility in older adults.

Keywords:
DiabetesGuillain-Barre syndromeNeuropathic painParaneoplastic polyneuropathyPeripheral nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) undergoes age-related changes, including decreased reflexes and proprioception.
  • Polyneuropathies in the elderly must be differentiated from normal aging.
  • Common etiologies include metabolic disorders, inflammatory conditions, and systemic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of distinguishing polyneuropathies from age-related PNS changes.
  • To emphasize the need for a systematic diagnostic approach in elderly patients with polyneuropathy.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for polyneuropathy in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on peripheral nervous system aging and polyneuropathies.
  • Analysis of common etiologies and diagnostic challenges in the elderly.
  • Evaluation of functional impact and management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Polyneuropathies in older adults often stem from diabetes, malignancy, or monoclonal gammopathies.
  • A systematic diagnostic approach can identify specific causes in most cases.
  • Polyneuropathies significantly impact mobility and functional independence in the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing polyneuropathies from normal aging is critical for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Functional assessment is mandatory in elderly patients with suspected polyneuropathy.
  • Treatment focuses on underlying conditions, pain management, and rehabilitation to maintain daily living activities.