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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

17.0K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
17.0K
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

3.0K
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
3.0K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

13.3K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
13.3K
Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview01:19

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

899
Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...
899
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

5.0K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
5.0K

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A Complete Method for Evaluating the Performance of Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Antibiotics in Environmental Remediation
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New perspectives for Advanced Oxidation Processes.

Raf Dewil1, Dionissios Mantzavinos2, Ioannis Poulios3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.

Journal of Environmental Management
|May 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) offer advanced solutions for removing pollutants from wastewater, addressing stricter environmental regulations. Ongoing research explores hybrid processes, photocatalysis, and electrochemical methods for improved water treatment and energy production.

Keywords:
Advanced electrochemical oxidationEnergy productionHeterogeneous photocatalysisHybrid processesSulphate-radical oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Conventional treatments struggle with emerging anthropogenic pollutants.
  • Stricter environmental regulations necessitate advanced water treatment solutions.
  • Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) show promise for effective pollutant removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future research directions of AOPs.
  • To highlight emerging AOPs for water and wastewater treatment.
  • To discuss the potential of photoelectrochemical processes for energy generation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of hybrid AOPs.
  • Analysis of heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis.
  • Examination of sulphate-radical oxidation.
  • Investigation of electrochemical advanced oxidation.
  • Discussion of photoelectrochemical energy production.

Main Results:

  • AOPs are crucial for treating challenging industrial wastewater.
  • Emerging AOPs like photocatalysis and electrochemical methods show significant potential.
  • Hybrid processes offer synergistic advantages in pollutant degradation.
  • Photoelectrochemical processes present opportunities for sustainable energy generation.

Conclusions:

  • AOPs are vital for meeting stringent environmental standards.
  • Further research in hybrid, photocatalytic, and electrochemical AOPs is warranted.
  • AOPs have a promising future in water treatment and sustainable energy production.