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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

56.7K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

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Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
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Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

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The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

1.8K
Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

6.2K
The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models
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Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

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Optimizing the Use of Available Lungs.

D Peritore1, L Rizzato1, S Trapani1

  • 1Italian National Transplant Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Transplantation Proceedings
|May 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lung transplantation faces organ shortages. Analyzing surplus lungs and offering them to other centers, regardless of region, can increase transplantation rates and maximize available organs for patients needing transplants.

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation medicine
  • Organ donation and allocation
  • Public health policy

Background:

  • Organ transplantation is the primary treatment for organ failure but is limited by organ scarcity.
  • Lung transplantation rates have not increased due to disproportionate donor availability across age groups.
  • This study analyzes lung organ utilization and explores strategies to enhance transplantation volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze lung transplantation activity in 2015.
  • To evaluate the utilization of available lung organs.
  • To identify strategies for increasing lung transplantation procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lung transplantation data from 2015, categorized by allocation programs.
  • Examination of surplus organs, including origin, destination, donor characteristics, and reasons for rejection.
  • Assessment of organ offer outcomes and transplantation statistics.

Main Results:

  • In 2015, 112 lung transplantations were performed, with 66 using regional and 46 using extraregional organs.
  • 148 surplus lungs were identified; 67 from the North, 71 from the South, and 10 from abroad.
  • Significant regional disparities in organ utilization were observed, with limited North-to-South transfers but some South-to-North transfers.

Conclusions:

  • Lung transplant center acceptance criteria vary, influenced by clinical factors, waiting list dynamics, and logistical considerations.
  • Facilitating inter-regional organ offers, without strict clinical limitations, can boost transplantation activity.
  • Maximizing the use of available lung organs through broader allocation strategies is crucial for increasing transplant volumes.