Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm After Kidney Transplantation: Two Case Reports

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Vascular Surgery
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Vascular complications following kidney transplantation pose a risk to allograft survival.
• Extrarenal mycotic pseudoaneurysms are rare but serious complications.
• This report details two cases of post-transplant mycotic pseudoaneurysms.

Observation:

• Two kidney transplant recipients developed extrarenal pseudoaneurysms at 60 days and 5 months post-transplant.
• Diagnosis involved Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography.
• Cultures identified Candida albicans as the causative agent in both patients.

Findings:

• Patient 1 underwent surgical excision, vascular reconstruction, and antifungal treatment for an iliac artery pseudoaneurysm.
• Patient 2 received thrombectomy and bypass surgery with antifungal therapy for a renal artery pseudoaneurysm.
• Both patients achieved satisfactory outcomes with preserved kidney allografts.

Implications:

• A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of these pseudoaneurysms.
• Combined surgical and antifungal management can lead to successful kidney allograft preservation.
• This approach offers a viable strategy for managing post-transplant mycotic pseudoaneurysms.