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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Chronic lithium intoxication: Varying electrocardiogram manifestations.

Raja Naga Mahesh Maddala1, A J Ashwal2, M Sudhakar Rao2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Manipal University, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|May 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lithium toxicity can cause serious heart rhythm problems, including junctional rhythm and heart block. Monitoring serum lithium levels is crucial for managing these adverse cardiovascular effects.

Keywords:
Arrhythmiaselectrocardiographylithium toxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Lithium is a cornerstone medication for bipolar disorder and depression.
  • It possesses a narrow therapeutic index, necessitating careful monitoring.
  • Adverse effects, including cardiovascular complications, are well-documented.

Observation:

  • This case report details a patient experiencing lithium toxicity.
  • Initial presentation included a junctional rhythm.
  • The patient subsequently exhibited complete heart block, atrial fibrillation, and sinus bradycardia.

Findings:

  • Cardiovascular manifestations of lithium toxicity are diverse and can be life-threatening.
  • The case illustrates a spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias secondary to elevated serum lithium levels.
  • Resolution of arrhythmias correlated with normalization of serum lithium concentrations.

Implications:

  • Highlights the critical importance of therapeutic drug monitoring for lithium.
  • Underscores the potential for severe cardiac adverse events in lithium toxicity.
  • Informs clinical management strategies for patients on lithium therapy presenting with cardiac symptoms.