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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
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Genetically Encoded Photoaffinity Histone Marks.

Xiao Xie1, Xiao-Meng Li2, Fangfei Qin3,4

  • 1Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new tool to study histone crotonylation (Kcr), a key posttranslational modification. This photoaffinity probe allows for the identification of enzymes and proteins involved in regulating Kcr, advancing our understanding of its biological roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of lysine residues on histones are critical epigenetic regulators.
  • The functional significance and regulatory mechanisms of newly discovered lysine PTMs, such as crotonylation, are not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding these modifications is essential for deciphering gene regulation and cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel chemical biology tool for investigating histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr).
  • To enable the site-specific incorporation of a photoaffinity Kcr analogue into histones.
  • To facilitate the identification of the enzymatic machinery and effector proteins responsible for histone crotonylation.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a photoaffinity crotonyl lysine (Kcr) analogue.
  • Genetic incorporation of the Kcr analogue and a photo-lysine control probe into histone proteins.
  • Photo-crosslinking followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics to capture and identify interacting proteins.

Main Results:

  • Successful site-specific incorporation of the photoaffinity Kcr analogue into histones.
  • Demonstration of the probe's utility in capturing and identifying proteins associated with histone crotonylation.
  • Identification of potential enzymatic and effector proteins involved in the Kcr pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The developed photoaffinity Kcr analogue is a powerful tool for studying histone crotonylation.
  • This approach enables the discovery of novel proteins regulating Kcr.
  • Advances the understanding of epigenetic regulation by lysine PTMs and their associated biological functions.