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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
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Insights into Ciliary Genes and Evolution from Multi-Level Phylogenetic Profiling.

Yannis Nevers1, Megana K Prasad2, Laetitia Poidevin1

  • 1Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|May 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified 274 ciliary genes, including 87 novel candidates, using comparative genomics. This study enhances understanding of ciliary functions and evolution, aiding ciliopathy research.

Keywords:
ciliopathiesciliumcomparative genomicsevolutionphylogenetic profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic cell biology
  • Comparative genomics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Cilia are crucial eukaryotic organelles involved in cell motility and signaling.
  • Ciliary dysfunction leads to ciliopathies, a class of genetic diseases with limited mechanistic understanding.
  • Investigating ciliary gene evolution requires comparative genomics due to functional variations across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel ciliary genes and understand their evolutionary history.
  • To partition ciliary genes into functional and evolutionary modules.
  • To provide a foundation for future research on ciliary genes and ciliopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic profiling of human protein-coding genes across 100 eukaryotic species.
  • Integration of three independent ortholog prediction methods for a consensus gene set.
  • Experimental validation of cilia/basal body localization for novel candidate proteins.

Main Results:

  • Identified a consensus set of 274 ciliary genes, with 87 novel candidates.
  • Partitioned ciliary genes into modules based on evolutionary history and function (e.g., assembly, movement).
  • Experimentally confirmed localization for five previously unannotated proteins (LRRC23, LRRC34, TEX9, WDR27, BIVM).

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals new candidate genes for cilia and ciliopathies.
  • Phylogenetic analysis provides insights into the evolution of ciliary processes in eukaryotes.
  • The generated gene sets and profiles can facilitate future research on ciliary biology and disease.