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Pathophysiology of the cardio-renal syndromes types 1-5: An uptodate

L Di Lullo1, A Bellasi2, V Barbera1

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi - Delfino Hospital, Colleferro Rome, Italy.

Indian Heart Journal
|May 3, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) involves overlapping heart and kidney dysfunction. The classification includes acute and chronic conditions affecting both organs, often secondary to other diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) describes clinical situations with concurrent heart and kidney dysfunction.
  • Recent definitions classify CRS into five types based on the interplay between cardiac and renal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the classification and characteristics of the five types of cardio-renal syndrome (CRS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of the consensus definition proposed by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group.
  • Categorization of CRS based on the temporal relationship between cardiac and kidney dysfunction and underlying etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Type 1 CRS: Acute cardiac dysfunction leading to acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Type 2 CRS: Chronic cardiac disease impacting kidney function.
  • Type 3 CRS: AKI causing cardiac dysfunction.
  • Type 4 CRS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to cardiovascular disease.
  • Type 5 CRS: Systemic conditions (e.g., sepsis) affecting both heart and kidneys.

Conclusions:

  • The five-type classification provides a framework for understanding the complex interactions between cardiac and renal systems in various clinical settings.
  • Recognizing these distinct CRS types is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of patients with coexisting heart and kidney issues.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCardiorenal syndromeChronic kidney diseaseHeart failureSepsis

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