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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:17

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:13

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

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Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
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Folates: Chemistry, analysis, occurrence, biofortification and bioavailability.

Ramesh Kumar Saini1, Shivraj Hariram Nile1, Young-Soo Keum1

  • 1Department of Bioresources and Food Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.

Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.)
|May 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Folate (Vitamin B9) is essential for health, as deficiency causes developmental disorders. Enhancing folate in staple crops like rice and tomatoes through genetic engineering and processing can improve bioavailability and public health.

Keywords:
5-MethyltetrahydrofolateBiological activitiesBiosynthesisFolic acidMicrobiological assay

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Folates (Vitamin B9) are crucial micronutrients, with deficiency leading to severe health issues like neural tube defects.
  • Mammalian cells cannot synthesize folates, necessitating dietary intake through natural sources, fortified foods, or supplements.
  • Recent advancements focus on increasing folate levels in crops and improving its stability and bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in folate biosynthesis, composition, and bioavailability in food.
  • To highlight strategies for enhancing folate production in plants via genetic engineering and food processing.
  • To identify future perspectives in folate research and application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on folate metabolism, genetic engineering of crops for enhanced folate content, and food processing techniques.
  • Analysis of strategies for improving folate stability and bioavailability, including deglutamylation.
  • Exploration of methods for folate analysis in food matrices.

Main Results:

  • Genetic engineering has successfully increased folate content in crops like rice, tomatoes, beans, and lettuce.
  • Food processing methods, such as thermal treatment, can enhance folate bioavailability through deglutamylation.
  • Knowledge of folate biosynthesis, degradation, and salvage pathways is key for effective plant engineering.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering plants for higher folate content and improved bioavailability is a promising strategy to combat folate deficiency.
  • Optimizing food processing to enhance folate bioavailability is essential for public health.
  • Continued research into folate metabolism and production is vital for developing folate-rich food sources.