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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Pneumoperitoneum or Chilaiditi's sign.

S W Teoh1, O Mimi2, S P Poonggothai3

  • 1MBBS Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.

Malaysian Family Physician : the Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia
|May 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chilaiditi's sign is an incidental finding of bowel between the diaphragm and liver. Recognizing this benign condition prevents misdiagnosis of pneumoperitoneum and avoids unnecessary medical interventions.

Keywords:
Chilaiditi's signpneumoperitoneumprimary care Malaysia

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Thoracic Imaging

Background:

  • Chilaiditi's sign is a rare radiographic finding where the colon or small intestine is interposed between the liver and the diaphragm.
  • It is often an incidental finding and typically asymptomatic.
  • Misinterpretation can lead to a false diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum.

Observation:

  • Two cases are presented where air was observed under the diaphragm on chest radiographs.
  • Patients were undergoing screening for pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • The radiographic finding was identified as Chilaiditi's sign.

Findings:

  • The bowel's position between the liver and diaphragm was confirmed as Chilaiditi's sign.
  • This finding was incidental and not related to the patients' primary reason for screening.
  • Awareness of Chilaiditi's sign is crucial for accurate radiographic interpretation.

Implications:

  • Correct identification of Chilaiditi's sign can prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures, such as exploratory laparotomy.
  • Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of this sign to avoid misdiagnosis.
  • This can lead to reduced healthcare costs and improved patient management by avoiding unnecessary referrals and interventions.