Molecular dynamics simulations of electric field induced water flow inside a carbon nanotorus: a molecular cyclotron

A nano-flow is induced by applying gigahertz rotating electric fields (EFs) of different strengths and frequencies on a carbon nanotorus filled with water molecules, using molecular dynamics simulations. This nano-flow, which may also be regarded as a molecular cyclotron motion, needs a rising time to establish and to follow the rotating EF depending on the applied EF strength and frequency. For establishment of a steady cyclotron motion in the carbon nanotorus, EFs of higher strengths and lower frequencies are required. Furthermore, the response of the orientations of the water molecules to the direction of the rotating EF is faster than that of their positions. In this study, it is also shown that the free motion of the nanotorus carbon atoms speeds up establishment of cyclotron motion.