[Cutaneous infantile hemangiomas]

Area of Science:

• Vascular Biology and Medicine
• Pediatric Oncology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Superficial vascular anomalies encompass diverse conditions arising from various vessel types, classified by clinical features, progression, and prognosis.
• The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification distinguishes between vascular tumors (e.g., infantile hemangiomas) and structural vascular anomalies.
• Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most prevalent pediatric vascular tumors, typically involuting spontaneously but sometimes necessitating treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the classification and management of superficial vascular anomalies.
• To highlight the role of propranolol as the first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas.
• To emphasize the importance of timely intervention for complicated or strategically located IHs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and classification systems for vascular anomalies.
• Analysis of treatment guidelines and evidence for infantile hemangiomas.
• Focus on the efficacy and safety of propranolol in managing IHs.

Main Results:

• The ISSVA classification provides a framework for understanding vascular anomalies, separating tumors from structural anomalies.
• While many IHs resolve without treatment, intervention is crucial for those with complications or specific locations.
• Propranolol has emerged as the established first-line therapy for IHs, demonstrating clear efficacy and a favorable safety profile.

Conclusions:

• Superficial vascular anomalies require careful diagnosis and management based on established classifications.
• Propranolol represents a significant advancement in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, offering effective and safe outcomes.
• Prompt and appropriate treatment, particularly with propranolol, can limit IH growth and accelerate involution, minimizing potential sequelae.