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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Time-lapse Imaging of Neuroblast Migration in Acute Slices of the Adult Mouse Forebrain
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Developmental activities of the complement pathway in migrating neurons.

Anna Gorelik1, Tamar Sapir1, Rebecca Haffner-Krausz2

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

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The complement pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Emerging evidence links immune system dysfunction to developmental brain diseases.
  • The specific roles of immune molecules in brain development remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the complement pathway, specifically its lectin arm, in the developing brain.
  • To determine the impact of complement proteins MASP1, MASP2, and C3 on neuronal migration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MASP1, MASP2, and C3 expression in the developing cortex.
  • Utilizing knockout and knockdown mouse models to study neuronal migration.
  • Employing molecular mimics and pharmacological activation to assess rescue effects.

Main Results:

  • Key complement proteins (MASP1, MASP2, C3) are expressed in the developing cortex.
  • Impaired neuronal migration observed in mice lacking or with reduced levels of C3 or Masp2.
  • Molecular mimics of C3 cleavage products and downstream receptor activation restored normal neuronal migration.

Conclusions:

  • The complement pathway plays a crucial functional role in neuronal migration during cortical development.
  • Complement proteins are essential for proper brain development and neuronal positioning.