New Insights into the Reactivity of Biomass with Butenes for the Synthesis of Butyl Levulinates
Alexandre Démolis1, Marion Eternot1, Nadine Essayem1
1CNRS, UMR 5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, F-, 69626, Villeurbanne, France.
Abstract:
This article reports a detailed study on the reactivity of levulinic acid and cellulose with 1-butene and iso-butene for the catalytic formation of sec- and tert-butyl levulinates. The influence of catalyst type and various solvent conditions have been investigated to assess the potential of a sustainable transformation. A very simple and efficient procedure was discovered by using reusable Amberlyst-15 in the absence of solvent to form, from levulinic acid and iso-butene, tert-butyl levulinate (70 % yield), a compound very difficult to prepare by other means. sec-Butyl levulinate (66 % yield) was obtained by using Amberlyst-15 in γ-butyrolactone as a biosourced solvent. The original procedure was also extended notably by directly using cellulose as a reactant. In the presence of a catalytic amount of H2 SO4 , it was possible to form sec-butyl levulinate (19 % yield) from 1-butene in a more efficient way than by using the alcohol as an esterifying agent.
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