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Mg-corrosion, hydroxyapatite, and bone healing.

Håkan Nygren1, Narmin Bigdeli2, Lars Ilver3

  • 1Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, POB 440, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Biointerphases
|May 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) implants in rats impaired bone healing by forming amorphous mineral deposits. However, MgO also promoted hydroxyapatite (HA) formation, suggesting a dual role in bone repair processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Magnesium (Mg) and magnesium oxide (MgO) show potential for stimulating bone healing.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of Mg-ion release and subsequent mineral formation is crucial for developing effective bone-healing products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the effects of magnesium oxide (MgO) implants on bone healing in a rat tibia model.
  • To analyze the mineral composition and formation at the implantation site to elucidate the bone healing response.

Main Methods:

  • MgO implants were surgically placed in rat tibias, with sham-operated controls.
  • Analysis included histology, environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).
  • In vitro studies used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cell culture with human embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

  • MgO implantation impaired callus bone formation, replacing it with acellular amorphous mineralized areas.
  • Increased levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Mg were observed in the bone marrow and cortical bone of MgO-treated rats.
  • In vitro, CaPO4 binding occurred on Mg and MgO surfaces, and human embryonic stem cells produced hydroxyapatite (HA) when exposed to pre-incubated Mg species.

Conclusions:

  • MgO implantation can negatively impact bone healing by disrupting normal callus formation.
  • Two distinct sources of CaPO4, catalytic formation on Mg species and stem cell synthesis, contribute to mineral deposition.
  • The differential capacity of Mg-metal and MgO to catalyze HA formation may explain their varied effects on bone healing.