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Pavlov's Orienting Response in Frontotemporal Dementia.

Simantini Karve1, Elvira Jimenez1, Mario F Mendez1

  • 1From the Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (AJ); and the Department of Neurology, Neurobehavior Unit, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (EJ, MFM).

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Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia patients struggle to refocus attention on emotional stimuli, unlike healthy individuals. This orienting response (OR) difference may help diagnose bvFTD early.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) presents with socioemotional disturbances but lacks sensitive diagnostic tests.
  • The "what is it?" reflex, or orienting response (OR), involves attention refocusing and may be impaired in bvFTD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Pavlov's orienting response (OR) as a measure of attention refocusing ability.
  • To determine if OR can serve as a distinguishing diagnostic measure for bvFTD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared orienting responses (heart rate deceleration) in 10 bvFTD patients and 18 normal controls (NCs).
  • Measured heart rate changes during a 2-second interval while viewing social and non-social pictures varying in emotional valence.
  • Assessed ORs to pleasant/unpleasant, social/non-social stimuli from the International Affective Picture Stimuli database.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were found in valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and valence-group interactions.
  • Normal controls exhibited expected heart rate deceleration (OR) to unpleasant stimuli.
  • bvFTD patients showed increased heart rates, lacking initial refocusing, with decreased ORs correlating with emotional blunting.

Conclusions:

  • bvFTD patients demonstrate reduced appreciation of emotional stimuli, evidenced by diminished orienting responses.
  • Impaired OR to emotional stimuli, irrespective of social content, may be linked to decreased socioemotional behavior in bvFTD.
  • The orienting response warrants further investigation as a potential early diagnostic marker for bvFTD.