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Gastric Mucosal Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Adel A Hagag1, Saleh M Amin1, Mohammed H Emara1
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Egypt.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori infection in children causes gastric mucosal oxidative stress, indicated by lower nitric oxide and glutathione, and higher MDA, catalase, and SOD levels. Antioxidants may aid treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen.
- H. pylori infection generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, contributing to oxidative stress.
- Evaluating oxidative stress markers in H. pylori-infected children is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess oxidative stress markers in the gastric mucosa of children infected with H. pylori.
- To compare oxidative stress profiles between H. pylori-infected children and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 60 H. pylori-infected children and 60 healthy controls (ages 7-11).
- H. pylori infection confirmed via stool antigen testing.
- Gastric biopsies analyzed for urease activity and oxidative stress markers: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase, and nitric oxide (NO).
Main Results:
- H. pylori-infected children exhibited significantly lower gastric mucosal nitric oxide and reduced glutathione compared to controls.
- Elevated levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in H. pylori-infected children.
- Hematemesis was a clinical presentation exclusive to the infected group, with significant differences in abdominal pain characteristics.
Conclusions:
- H. pylori infection is strongly associated with gastric mucosal oxidative stress in children.
- The observed alterations in oxidative stress markers (lower NO/GSH, higher MDA/Catalase/SOD) highlight the impact of H. pylori.
- Antioxidant therapies may serve as beneficial adjuncts for managing H. pylori infection due to its association with oxidative stress.
Background:
'Helicobacter pylori' "H. pylori" is one of the most common infections that colonizes human gastric mucosa and generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress markers in the gastric mucosa of "H. pylori"- infected children.
Patients And Methods:
The present study was carried out on 60 children infected with "H. pylori" including 28 males, 32 females with their age ranging from 7-10 years and mean age value of 8.5 ± 1.65 years (Group I). This study included also 60 healthy children as a control group including 26 males and 34 females with their age ranging from 7-11 years and mean age value of 8.99 ± 1.63 years (Group II). All children were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, diagnosis of "H. pylori" infection through "H. pylori" stool antigen testing using enzyme immunoassay kit (Group I and II) and gastric antrum mucosal biopsies which were tested for urease activity using Campylobacter like organism test (CLO test) (Group I only) and measurement of gastric mucosal oxidative stress markers including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase and nitric oxide (NO) [The sum of Nitrite (NO2 -) and Nitrate (NO3 -)].
Results:
The main clinical presentations in studied patients and controls were recurrent abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting, dyspepsia and hematemesis with no significant difference between patients and controls as regard abdominal pain, vomiting or dyspepsia but hematemesis was found only in patients. There were significant differences between patients and controls as regard site and duration of abdominal pain with epigastrium being the most common site of pain in patients versus diffuse abdominal pain in control group with significantly longer duration of abdominal pain in patients compared with controls. "H. pylori" infected children has significantly lower gastric mucosal nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and significantly higher gastric mucosal MDA, catalase and SOD compared to controls (nitric oxide was 85.68 ± 23.16 nmol/gm in patients versus 106.423±2.111 nmol/gm in controls, reduced glutathione in patients was 1.83 ± 0.16 nmol/gm versus 2.44 ± 0.07 nmol/gm in controls, MDA in patients was 189.15 ± 6.14 nmol/gm versus 166.21 ± 3.13 nmol/gm in controls, catalase was 57.38 ± 19.85 unit/gm in patients versus 36.51 ± 2.34 unit/gm in controls and SOD in patients was 375.52 ± 26.51 unit/gm versus 318.51 ± 32.06 unit/gm in controls.
Conclusion:
"H. pylori" infection is associated with gastric mucosal oxidative stress with significantly lower gastric mucosal nitric oxide and reduced glutathione and significantly higher gastric mucosal MDA, Catalase and SOD in patients compared to controls.
Recommendations:
Antioxidants may be an important adjuvant therapy for "H. pylori" infection as this infection is associated with gastric mucosal oxidative stress.
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