Construction of ferrocene modified conducting polymer based amperometric urea biosensor

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Biosensor Technology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Urea detection is crucial for diagnosing various medical conditions.
• Existing urea biosensors often face challenges with sensitivity, stability, or response time.
• Development of efficient and reliable electrochemical biosensors is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To construct and characterize a novel electrochemical urea-sensing bio-electrode.
• To optimize the sensing performance by investigating key parameters.
• To evaluate the practical applicability of the developed biosensor in real biological samples.

Main Methods:

• Electropolymerization of SNS-Aniline monomer on a Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE).
• Modification of the electrode surface with di-amino-Ferrocene (DAFc) mediator and Urease enzyme via glutaraldehyde crosslinking.
• Amperometric detection of urea and investigation of operational parameters (pH, temperature, potential, stability) and interference studies.

Main Results:

• The developed urea biosensor exhibited a linear amperometric response in the 0.1-8.5 mM range.
• Achieved a high sensitivity of 0.54 μA/mM, a low detection limit of 12 μM, and a rapid response time of 2 seconds.
• Demonstrated excellent analytical performance and stability when tested with real human blood and urine samples, with insignificant interference.

Conclusions:

• The fabricated electrochemical bio-electrode offers a sensitive, stable, and rapid method for urea detection.
• The use of SNS-Aniline polymer and DAFc mediator enhances biosensor performance.
• The biosensor shows significant potential for practical applications in clinical diagnostics.